1 Corinthians

Study Parts

Page 1: Freedom, Discipline, Purity, and Covenant Identity

Page 2: Love, Spiritual Gifts, Worship, and Order

Page 3: Resurrection, Repentance, Authority, and Self-Examination

1) Identity, unity, and the danger of pride (1 Cor 1–4)

What’s happening

They are dividing into personality camps (“I follow Paul… Apollos… Cephas… Messiah”) and measuring spirituality by status, eloquence, or “wisdom.” Paul confronts this because it fractures the body.

Paul’s anchor points

Messiah crucified is the center of their life together (1:18–25).

Yehovah chooses the lowly so no one boasts (1:26–31).

Leaders are servants, not brands (3:5–9).

Every work will be tested (3:10–15).

The assembly is Yehovah’s dwelling; harming it is serious (3:16–17).

True authority is fatherly and corrective, not performative (4:14–21).

Key takeaway

A Torah-shaped community is humble because everything begins with Yehovah’s mercy and everything after is stewardship.

2) Purity, discipline, and protecting the body (1 Cor 5–6)

The issue

There is public sexual sin being tolerated, and the assembly is proud rather than grieving.

What Paul teaches

Remove unrepentant, blatant sin from fellowship to protect the body and to press the sinner toward repentance (5:1–5).

A little leaven leavens the whole lump (5:6–8).

Paul clarifies he does not mean “avoid all sinners in the world,” but that inside the covenant community there must be accountability (5:9–13).

Believers suing believers shows a collapse of covenant wisdom (6:1–8).

Inheritance language is real: persistent unrighteousness excludes from the Kingdom (6:9–10).

Redemption changes identity: “such were some of you… washed… sanctified…” (6:11).

The body matters: you are bought with a price, and your body is a temple (6:12–20).

Key takeaway

Discipline is not hatred. It is covenant protection and mercy, because unfaithfulness spreads and destroys.

3) Marriage, singleness, and faithfulness in one’s calling (1 Cor 7)

Paul answers their questions about marriage, intimacy, separation, and singleness.

Highlights:

Marriage is honorable; intimacy is not shameful (7:1–5).

Seek peace; don’t use “spirituality” as an excuse for abandoning responsibilities (7:10–16).

Remain faithful in the calling you’re in while walking obediently before Yehovah (7:17–24).

Singleness can be a gift for undistracted service, but is not a higher holiness class (7:7, 32–35).

4) Food offered to idols, conscience, and love-led restraint (1 Cor 8–10)

The conflict

Some “know” idols are nothing and feel free to eat; others associate it with idolatry and are defiled in conscience.

Paul’s framework:

Knowledge alone puffs up; love builds up (8:1).

You don’t use freedom to damage a weaker brother (8:9–13).

Paul models self-restraint: he can lay down rights for the sake of the gospel (ch. 9).

He warns them with Israel’s wilderness failures: privilege does not equal safety if you pursue sin (10:1–13).

Flee idolatry and do not participate in idol feasts (10:14–22).

Practice discernment and pursue what benefits others (10:23–33).

Key takeaway

Maturity is not “I’m allowed.” Maturity is “What builds the body and honors Yehovah?”

5) Head coverings and honoring order (1 Cor 11:2–16)

However you understand the cultural details, Paul’s aim is clear: honor, modesty, and order in public worship, not self-display and not rebellion against created distinctions.

6) The Lord’s Supper and covenant seriousness (1 Cor 11:17–34)

They are turning a covenant meal into class division: the rich eat well while the poor go hungry.

Paul says:

This is not discerning the body (11:29).

Some are weak or sick, and some have died under discipline (11:30).

Examine yourselves; wait for one another; restore reverence (11:28, 33–34).

Key takeaway

The table is not a casual snack. It is a covenant proclamation of Messiah’s death until He comes (11:26), and it must be practiced in love and unity.

7) Spiritual gifts, love, and orderly worship (1 Cor 12–14)

Gifts are real and from the Spirit

Same Spirit, different gifts; one body (12:4–27).

Every member is needed; no superiority (12:14–26).

Love is the governing way

Chapter 13 is not a wedding poem. It is the rebuke of a gifted but unloving assembly:

Gifts without love are nothing (13:1–3).

Love is patient, kind, not arrogant, not self-seeking (13:4–7).

Order in the gathering

Prophecy (edifying speech) is prioritized because it builds the body more clearly than uninterpreted tongues (14:1–19).

Everything must be done for edification (14:26).

“Elohim is not of confusion but of peace” (14:33).
“Let all things be done decently and in order” (14:40).

Key takeaway

The Spirit’s presence does not excuse disorder. The Spirit produces peaceable order and mutual upbuilding.

8) Resurrection: the foundation and the future (1 Cor 15)

Paul returns to first matters:

The gospel he delivered: Messiah died, was buried, rose, and appeared to witnesses (15:1–8).

If resurrection is denied, faith collapses (15:12–19).

Messiah is firstfruits; those who belong to Him will be raised (15:20–23).

Resurrection shapes holiness: “Do not be deceived… bad company corrupts good morals… be steadfast… your labor is not in vain” (15:33, 58).

2 Corinthians

2 Corinthians is deeply personal. It shows Paul’s heart as a faithful emissary dealing with:

lingering rebellion

accusations against his character

manipulative “super-apostles”

the need for real repentance

1) Comfort, affliction, and integrity (2 Cor 1–2)

Yehovah comforts us so we can comfort others (1:3–7).

Paul explains his changed travel plans to show he is not fickle (1:15–22).

Discipline had been applied; now restoration is urged when repentance is evident (2:5–11).

2) New Covenant ministry and transformation (2 Cor 3)

The assembly is a letter written by the Spirit (3:2–3).

The New Covenant does not erase covenant instruction; it speaks of internalization and transformation (compare Jer 31:31–34; Ezek 36:26–27).

Where the Spirit of Yehovah is, there is liberty (3:17) not liberty to sin, but liberty to be transformed.

We are changed from glory to glory (3:18).

3) Treasure in jars of clay and true perseverance (2 Cor 4–5)

The message is glorious; the messenger is weak so the power is clearly Yehovah’s (4:7).

Present affliction and eternal weight of glory (4:16–18).

We must all appear before Messiah’s judgment seat (5:10).

Reconciliation is proclaimed; ambassadors plead: be reconciled to God (5:18–20).

4) Repentance that proves itself (2 Cor 6–7)

Do not be unequally yoked with lawlessness; come out and be set apart (6:14–18).

Paul rejoices because their sorrow produced repentance and clearing of themselves (7:9–11).

This is crucial: biblical repentance is not words only. It bears fruit.

5) Giving and generosity with integrity (2 Cor 8–9)

Generosity must be willing, not coerced (9:7).

Paul handles funds transparently (8:20–21).

Giving is worship when done in faith and love.

6) Spiritual warfare and evaluating “authority” (2 Cor 10–12)

They are being pressured by impressive speakers who attack Paul.

Paul refuses fleshly boasting but defends his calling.

He speaks of suffering as evidence of faithful service, not status (11:23–30).

Thorn in the flesh: power perfected in weakness (12:7–10).

7) Final warnings: test yourselves (2 Cor 13)

He ends with a sober call:

Examine yourselves whether you are in the faith (13:5).

He wants restoration, not punishment, but he will not ignore persistent sin (13:1–2).

Major themes to carry into every lesson

1) The assembly must be set apart

Sin tolerated becomes communal rot (1 Cor 5; 2 Cor 6–7).

2) Gifts are for building, not self-display

The Spirit’s work always moves toward order, love, and edification (1 Cor 12–14).

3) Love is not optional

Love is the measure of maturity (1 Cor 13) and the proof of covenant life.

4) Repentance is real and visible

Sorrow that leads to repentance produces fruit (2 Cor 7:9–11).

5) Grace and covenant faithfulness are inseparable

Messiah rescues, and the rescued walk in His ways. Persistent rebellion threatens inheritance (1 Cor 6:9–11; 15:33–34; 2 Cor 13:5).

Suggested study plan (simple and usable)

Week 1: Foundations

Read 1 Cor 1–4

Focus: unity, humility, Messiah as center.

Week 2: Purity and accountability

Read 1 Cor 5–7

Focus: discipline, holiness, body as temple, marriage faithfulness.

Week 3: Conscience and idolatry

Read 1 Cor 8–10

Focus: love-led freedom, flee idolatry, Israel warnings.

Week 4: Worship order

Read 1 Cor 11–14

Focus: reverence at the table, gifts, love, order.

Week 5: Resurrection and perseverance

Read 1 Cor 15–16

Focus: resurrection as foundation, steadfast labor.

Week 6: Restoration and New Covenant life

Read 2 Cor 1–5

Focus: comfort, integrity, transformation, judgment seat.

Week 7: Repentance and separation

Read 2 Cor 6–9

Focus: set-apart living, repentance fruit, generosity.

Week 8: True authority and final examination

Read 2 Cor 10–13

Focus: discernment, suffering, humility, test yourselves.

Reflection questions (strong, practical)

Where do I see pride or “team spirit” influencing how I listen to teachers? (1 Cor 1–4)

Is there any sin I have normalized that Scripture calls me to remove? (1 Cor 5–6)

Do I use “freedom” in ways that damage someone else’s walk? (1 Cor 8–10)

Does my conduct at the table and in worship show reverence and love? (1 Cor 11–14)

Do I live like resurrection is true and judgment is real? (1 Cor 15; 2 Cor 5:10)

When corrected, do I produce fruit of repentance or excuses? (2 Cor 7:9–11)

Have I tested myself honestly, or do I assume I’m fine while resisting change? (2 Cor 13:5)

If you want, I can turn this into a lesson-style study (with Lesson 1–8 headings, short teaching sections, and a Scripture-reading checklist for each day), or I can do a chapter-by-chapter commentary where each chapter gets (1) what’s happening, (2) key verses, (3) covenant application.

what are often misunderstood parts of Corinthians

Below are the most commonly misunderstood (and misused) parts of Corinthians, with clear correction rooted in Scripture and covenant faithfulness rather than later theological assumptions.

1) “All things are lawful for me” (1 Cor 6:12; 10:23)

Common misunderstanding

This is often quoted as if Paul is declaring unrestricted freedom, sometimes even to excuse sin.

What Paul is actually doing

Paul is quoting a slogan the Corinthians were using and then correcting it.

“All things are lawful” → their claim
“But not all things are beneficial… I will not be mastered by anything” → Paul’s correction

He immediately anchors the discussion in:

the body belonging to Yehovah

sexual purity

not being enslaved to desire

This is not permission, but a warning against abusing freedom.

2) “You are not under the law” (assumed from Corinthians)

Common misunderstanding

People read Corinthians as if Paul teaches separation from Torah.

What the letter actually shows

Paul:

condemns idolatry using Torah examples (1 Cor 10)

enforces sexual boundaries rooted in Torah (1 Cor 5–6)

treats sin as real covenant violation with real consequences

Paul is correcting lawlessness and disorder, not obedience.

3) Church discipline = “judgmental” (1 Cor 5)

Common misunderstanding

Removing someone from fellowship is viewed as harsh, unloving, or ungracious.

What Paul teaches

Paul is shocked that the assembly is boasting instead of mourning over blatant sin.

Discipline protects the body

Discipline presses the sinner toward repentance

Tolerating sin spreads corruption (“leaven”)

This is covenant responsibility, not cruelty.

4) “Such were some of you” means past sin doesn’t matter anymore (1 Cor 6:9–11)

Common misunderstanding

People read this as “sin no longer matters because you’re forgiven.”

What Paul actually says

Yes, they were washed and set apart

But the warning list still stands

Persistent unrighteousness excludes from inheritance

Paul is describing real transformation, not permission to return to sin.

5) Love replaces obedience (1 Cor 13)

Common misunderstanding

“Love” is treated as emotional tolerance or unconditional acceptance.

What Paul means

Paul defines love as:

patient

not arrogant

not self-seeking

rejoicing in truth

In context, love:

restrains freedom for others’ sake

refuses disorder

confronts sin

Love is the way obedience is lived, not a substitute for it.

6) Spiritual gifts = proof of maturity (1 Cor 12–14)

Common misunderstanding

If someone operates in gifts, they are spiritually mature.

Paul’s correction

The Corinthians were:

gifted

divided

arrogant

disorderly

Paul makes clear:

Gifts ≠ maturity

Love + order reveal maturity

The Spirit does not produce chaos

This is why chapter 13 sits between gifts and order.

7) Tongues as the highest spiritual sign (1 Cor 14)

Common misunderstanding

Tongues are treated as the pinnacle of spirituality.

What Paul actually prioritizes

Edification of the body

Understanding

Order

Interpretation

Paul repeatedly says:

prophecy (understandable speech) builds the assembly

uninterpreted tongues do not

Paul is regulating excess, not encouraging elevation.

8) “Judge not” applied against accountability (1 Cor 5–6)

Common misunderstanding

Believers should never judge anything.

Paul’s explicit statement

We do not judge outsiders

We do judge those inside the assembly

Accountability is part of covenant life.

9) The Lord’s Supper as symbolic only (1 Cor 11)

Common misunderstanding

It is treated casually, privately, or without consequence.

Paul’s warning

Some were weak, sick, or had died

Because they did not discern the body

Because of selfishness and division

This is covenant participation with real weight.

10) Resurrection as optional theology (1 Cor 15)

Common misunderstanding

Resurrection is treated as secondary or metaphorical.

Paul’s stance

If resurrection is denied:

faith collapses

obedience loses meaning

judgment loses urgency

Paul ends the letter tying resurrection directly to steadfast obedience.

11) “New Covenant” = no more instruction (2 Cor 3)

Common misunderstanding

New Covenant is read as removal of God’s instruction.

What Paul describes

Hearts changed

The Spirit writes

Transformation from within

This aligns with the prophets: instruction written on the heart, not erased.

12) Repentance = feeling bad (2 Cor 7)

Common misunderstanding

Sorrow alone equals repentance.

Paul’s definition

True repentance produces:

earnestness

clearing of wrongdoing

fear

zeal

correction

Repentance proves itself.

13) Paul as anti-authority or anti-structure (2 Cor 10–13)

Common misunderstanding

Paul is humble so authority doesn’t matter.

Reality

Paul:

defends his authority

warns of discipline

calls for self-examination

Authority exists to build up, but it is still authority.

14) “Examine yourselves” applies to others, not me (2 Cor 13:5)

Common misunderstanding

This verse is used abstractly.

Paul’s intent

This is a direct, personal command.

Assurance is not assumed; it is tested by covenant faithfulness.

Summary in one sentence

Corinthians is not Paul loosening God’s standards; it is Paul calling a redeemed people to live like they belong to Yehovah.

If you want, next we can:

turn this into a misunderstood-verses reference sheet,

build a side-by-side “misread vs biblical reading” chart, or

integrate this directly into your Corinthians study curriculum as a dedicated lesson.

Please give me a detailed version of this to go on my site please and if needed we can split it up

Below is a site-ready, expanded teaching article you can publish as a standalone page or split into multiple linked sections.

It is written to teach clearly, correct common errors, and stand on Scripture without reacting to outside theology.

I’ll mark natural split points so you can decide whether to keep it as one long page or divide it.

Commonly Misunderstood Passages in Corinthians

Restoring Paul’s Message of Covenant Faithfulness, Order, and Love

The letters to the Corinthians are among the most quoted and most misunderstood writings in Scripture. They are frequently used to justify disorder, excuse sin, elevate spiritual experience over obedience, or disconnect love from faithfulness.

Yet when read carefully and in context, Corinthians does the opposite. Paul writes to an assembly that has received Messiah, has received the Spirit, and yet is failing to walk faithfully. His purpose is correction, not abolition of God’s ways.

Paul is not redefining righteousness. He is calling a redeemed people to live like they belong to Yehovah.

1. “All things are lawful for me”

(1 Corinthians 6:12; 10:23)

The common misunderstanding

This phrase is often quoted as a declaration of unrestricted freedom, implying that believers may choose whatever they want as long as they feel free in Messiah.

What is actually happening in the text

Paul is quoting a Corinthian slogan, not establishing a principle. The phrase appears to be something they were repeating to justify behavior. Paul immediately responds by correcting it:

“But not all things are beneficial”
“But I will not be mastered by anything”

He then applies this directly to sexual purity, bodily holiness, and covenant responsibility.

Paul’s argument is not about permission, but about mastery. Anything that enslaves the body or leads to sin is incompatible with belonging to Yehovah.

“You are not your own, for you were bought with a price.” (1 Cor 6:19–20)

Freedom in Messiah is freedom from bondage, not freedom to return to it.

2. Reading Corinthians as anti-Torah

The common misunderstanding

Some assume that because Paul emphasizes grace, the Spirit, and love, he must be opposing God’s instruction.

What the letters actually show

Throughout Corinthians, Paul:

condemns idolatry using Israel’s wilderness failures (1 Cor 10)

enforces sexual boundaries rooted in Torah (1 Cor 5–6)

warns that persistent unrighteousness excludes from inheritance (1 Cor 6:9–10)

affirms order, reverence, and discipline in worship

Paul never argues against obedience. He argues against lawlessness, pride, and disorder.

Grace is never presented as permission to ignore covenant faithfulness.

3. Discipline is unloving or “judgmental”

(1 Corinthians 5)

The common misunderstanding

Removing someone from fellowship is often portrayed as harsh, unmerciful, or incompatible with love.

Paul’s response

Paul is shocked that the assembly is boasting instead of grieving over open, unrepentant sin. His instruction is firm:

Remove the person from fellowship

Protect the body from corruption

Press the sinner toward repentance

Paul explains why:

“A little leaven leavens the whole lump.”

This is not personal condemnation. It is covenant responsibility.

Tolerated sin spreads and destroys communities.

Paul later shows that when repentance occurs, restoration must follow (2 Cor 2:6–8). Discipline and mercy are not opposites. They belong together.

4. “Such were some of you” means sin no longer matters

(1 Corinthians 6:9–11)

The common misunderstanding

This passage is sometimes read as if Paul is saying, “Sin doesn’t matter anymore because you’re forgiven.”

What Paul actually teaches

Paul gives a clear warning list and states plainly that those who practice such things will not inherit the Kingdom. Then he says:

“And such were some of you. But you were washed, you were sanctified…”

The contrast is between who they were and who they are now.

The warning still stands. The transformation is expected to be real.

Forgiveness does not erase the call to righteousness. It establishes it.

5. Love replaces obedience

(1 Corinthians 13)

The common misunderstanding

Love is often defined as tolerance, emotional affirmation, or non-confrontation.

Paul’s definition of love

Paul describes love as:

patient

kind

not arrogant

not self-seeking

rejoicing in truth

In context, love:

restrains personal freedom for the sake of others

refuses disorder in worship

confronts sin for the good of the body

Love is not opposed to obedience.

Love is how obedience is lived in relationship.

6. Spiritual gifts as proof of maturity

(1 Corinthians 12–14)

The common misunderstanding

Giftedness is often treated as evidence of spiritual maturity or divine approval.

Paul’s correction

The Corinthians were:

spiritually gifted

divided

prideful

disorderly

Paul makes a clear distinction:

Gifts are given by the Spirit

Maturity is shown by love, humility, and order

This is why chapter 13 sits between chapters 12 and 14.

Gifts without love do not indicate faithfulness.

7. Tongues as the highest spiritual sign

(1 Corinthians 14)

The common misunderstanding

Tongues are often elevated as the primary or highest spiritual evidence.

Paul’s actual priority

Paul consistently prioritizes:

understanding

edification

order

Uninterpreted tongues do not build the body.

Paul does not forbid tongues, but he refuses disorder and self-display.

“Let all things be done for edification… decently and in order.”

8. “Judge not” used to reject accountability

(1 Corinthians 5–6)

The common misunderstanding

Believers should never judge anything.

Paul’s explicit teaching

Paul draws a clear line:

Those outside are judged by God

Those inside the covenant community are accountable

Accountability is not optional.

It is part of belonging to a holy people.

9. The Lord’s Supper treated casually

(1 Corinthians 11:17–34)

The common misunderstanding

The meal is treated as symbolic, private, or without consequence.

Paul’s warning

Because of selfishness, division, and irreverence:

some were weak

some were sick

some had died

Paul connects physical consequences to covenant dishonor.

The table proclaims Messiah’s death and unity until He returns.

It must be approached with discernment and love.

10. Resurrection treated as secondary

(1 Corinthians 15)

The common misunderstanding

Resurrection is treated as abstract theology or optional belief.

Paul’s position

Paul makes resurrection foundational:

without it, faith collapses

obedience loses purpose

judgment loses urgency

Paul ends by calling believers to steadfast faithfulness precisely because resurrection is real.

11. “New Covenant” misunderstood as removal of instruction

(2 Corinthians 3)

The common misunderstanding

The New Covenant is read as abolishing God’s instruction.

What Paul describes

Paul speaks of:

hearts transformed

the Spirit writing internally

increasing conformity to Messiah

This aligns with the prophets, not against them.

Instruction is internalized, not erased.

12. Repentance reduced to emotion

(2 Corinthians 7)

The common misunderstanding

Feeling bad equals repentance.

Paul’s definition

Godly repentance produces:

earnestness

clearing of wrongdoing

zeal

corrective action

Repentance proves itself through change.

13. Paul as anti-authority

(2 Corinthians 10–13)

The common misunderstanding

Humility means authority is irrelevant.

Paul’s example

Paul:

defends his authority

warns of discipline

calls for self-examination

Authority exists to build up the body, not replace faithfulness.

14. “Examine yourselves” applied vaguely

(2 Corinthians 13:5)

The common misunderstanding

This verse is used generally, not personally.

Paul’s intent

This is a direct command.

Assurance is not assumed. Faith is tested by covenant faithfulness.

Final Summary

Corinthians is not Paul lowering God’s standards.

It is Paul correcting a gifted but immature assembly and calling them back to order, love, purity, and covenant faithfulness.

Grace rescues.

Love governs.

Obedience reveals belonging.